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A comparative synthesis of various Life Cycle Assessment methods

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The aim of this summary is to provide an introduction to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. It discusses the differences with the carbon footprint method, as well as the different types of LCA (attributional, consequential, parametric, social) and their specific features.
Once the theoretical foundations have been laid, concrete examples applied to the digital sector are given.
The aim of this document is to provide a synthetic and holistic overview of LCA, the preferred method for measuring the environmental impacts of digital technology, by summarising the standards and recent scientific literature on the subject.

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Published on : 03/04/2026

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Digitalisation is deeply embedded in Dutch society and economy, with near-universal internet access and the Netherlands serving as a primary European connectivity hub due to the Amsterdam Internet Exchange (AMS-IX). While this digital maturity drives significant social and economic benefits, it generates substantial environmental pressures. TNO and Resilio have studied these environmental pressures, the main drivers of this environmental impact and potential interventions and their effects.